SIMPLE WAYS TO CUT ENERGY USE IN HALF
Wisdom Principled Empowerment Communications
& People Empowerment Broadcasting ©
- with Darrell Udelhoven  HVAC Contractor & Technician since mid-1970's - Retired
Publisher of the Series - The Real Political Issues & People Empowerment Broadcasting

The North Country Oil furnace A/C or heat pump scenario:

Here is just one scenario; the small one story home with a basement requires only 14,000-BTUH of cooling but it has a 112,000-BTUH Oil furnace with a belt-drive quarter HP blower motor.

Three things have to be done right; first, the evaporator coil has to be sized to flow at least 1250-cfm that requires a 3-ton coil.

Second, the evaporator coil has to be mounted at least 6” above the Oil furnace to eliminate an airflow restriction between it and the super large heat exchanger near the top of the furnace.

Third, the belt drive motor has to be replaced by a multi-speed direct-drive blower motor that will deliver the correct 1250-cfm for heating & 600 to 675-cfm airflow for cooling.

I have witnessed a 2-ton evaporator coil being installed directly on top of the Oil furnace & the quarter HP direct drive motor left in place.

Can you cite the horrendous problems this creates?

Think through what you’re doing & the consequences before doing it!

Required fan motor HP varies as to the cube of the rpm blower speed.

Also, at 700-rpm & .2" SP for heating my Thermo Pride OL 11 with its belt-drive quarter Hp motor will deliver 1200-CFM;  add a cooling coil, & at .5 SP it will deliver only 400-CFM.

Keeping the total static pressure as low as possible and within mfg'ers ESP requirements for air conditioning is the first requirement in an efficient system design. 

BTW, what is the average pressure drop across the new +90 high efficiency furnace condensers? That pressure drop should be published by all of the companies!

My Scan of My ThermoPride OL 11 Graphed Blower-Curve-Chart
Thermopride OL 11 Graph ipg image - Thank you Dave Staso, CA. for the better expandable image!
"After it loads Right click "Show Original Images" - Move cursor arrow over graph - Click + when 'over graph' for expanded image," then print on the highest quality setting.
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Identifying your registers/diffusers & their (Ak) sq.ft. area, so you can multiply the FPM Velocity times the Ak to get the (CFM) Cubic Feet per Minute airflow from that register.

http://www.americanmetalproducts.com/lima/product_catalogs.html
Click on the categories to see the diffusers & Return-Air Grilles then find them on your downloaded pdf's engineering data.
Hart & Cooley: http://www.hartandcooley.com/grd/HC-100/residential/baseboard_registers/462.htm
Do a lot of Hart & Cooley engineering data searches, look at the registers & the Ak sq.ft. data to figure register's delivered CFM.
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Home Energy Magazine Online September/October 1993 
Raising Standards and Savings
New Group Hunts Bad Ducts (A/C duct systems)

Does 40 billion kWh sound like a lot of energy? How about 4 billion therms? Researchers believe that's how much electrical and gas energy this country "could save by fixing inefficient ducts using current techniques." "Refining those techniques could reap savings of 90 billion kWh"plus 9 billion therms! Peak loads would be reduced too. To pursue these tremendous savings, national, state, and utility research laboratories, the U.S. Department of Energy, utilities, and energy service companies are collaborating. Their consortium is called "Residential Energy Efficient Distribution Systems," or REEDS.

These techniques, along with reducing air infiltration & heatgain/heatloss calcs, ought to be taught in all our schools as part of the Science & math curricula. Half the heatgain/heatloss can be due to a high Home Air Infiltration Rates!
ASHRAE standard 62-1989 is 0.35 ACH (Air changes per Hour) or 3-hours for a total interior, Air INFILTRATION Change.
Home Air Infiltration
Air Infiltration sources DTI Corp Catalog

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http://www.energysavers.gov/your_home/insulation_airsealing/index.cfm/mytopic=11250
DOE Reducing Air Infiltration Information
May add more later.
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Milwaukee Energy Efficiency (Me2)

The potential is great and the model is simple: The Milwaukee Energy Efficiency (Me2) program would allow building owners and occupants to pay for the cost of improvements as a charge on their municipal services bill or utility bill, on a schedule that allows them immediate savings.

If a participating building owner or occupant leaves the property before repayment is complete, the remaining obligation can go to the next owner or occupant as he or she benefits from reduced energy costs. The program will create thousands of good jobs — ranging from entry level to highly skilled — and fill them locally.  Milw. WI

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If your monthly cooling bill is very high & you want to cut it in half or less; start with an entire home energy use & the HVAC Evaluation listed below.

Cut air infiltration to a minimum, a Blower-Door-Test will locate the air leak areas; a Duct Blaster to detect duct leaks & size ducts to optimize airflow.
Check for window options along with outdoor window shutters or awnings.

Half the heatgain/heatloss can be due to a high building air infiltration rate!
- Source Home Energy magazine online Sept/Oct 1993
http://www.energysavers.gov/your_home/insulation_airsealing/index.cfm/mytopic=11250
- DOE Reducing Air Infiltration Information
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The ductwork system & airflow must be accurately checked & optimized.
Refining those ductwork techniques could reap savings of 90 billion kWh" plus 9 billion therms!
- Source Home Energy magazine online Sept/Oct 1993
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*To check your A/C system you need a thermometer, wet cotton cloth, or a humidity gage.
At a hardware store, it is around $10 for humidity gage & thermometer combo.
Keep the Temp/Humidity combo gage indoors.

Then check the condenser fins, they must be clean.
*** Absolutely Disconnect all the power 230-Volt breaker power to the condenser, including the furnace power for the low voltage in the condenser!

If you use water pressure, keep the stream in-line with the fins so it does not bend them.
Let it dry for a long time before operating for ten minutes or longer, then take the temperature readings.
Let it dry out for several hours before reapplying power &/or using the A/C.

The A/C user need not know all the tech info, all they need to know are a very few basic simple ways to identify that the system is not functioning correctly so if necessary you can call for a pro-tech to properly trouble shoot the system.

Now the reality is that you don't need a manifold gauge, - anyone can Ballpark check the charge in respect to the indoor airflow with only a little low cost MA-Line digital thermometer using some tubing insulation on the sensor probe.
http://www.ma-line.com/HTML/L1_productmenu.html 
You can't order it there.

However First, you check the discharge air temp off the outdoor condenser, (that is the "Condensing Temperature (CT)," the higher the SEER Rating the lower the outdoor normal temp/split above the outdoor temperature will be.)
Then you either check the small liquid line tubing temp outdoors where there is a tubing bend, or indoors where it bends to enter the plenum. 

Indoors could be inaccurate as the tubing temp could vary higher or lower depending on temp conditions the line is conducting.

Subtract the small liquid line temp from the CT & you have the Subcooling temp which varies some from mfg'ers, but will be Ballpark 8 to 12-F Subcooled.

The condenser temp (CT) above the outdoor temp tells you how much indoor sensible & latent heat, & the 3 motor heats it is ejecting. The indoor humidity level has the biggest effect, the higher the humidity the higher the split.

Now, indoors the higher the humidity the lower the temp/split between Supply-Air & Return-Air.

At 50% indoor humidity the split should be Ballpark, around 18 - 20-F.

If blower wheel blades & all coils are relatively clean & the split is well above 20-F, you have low airflow with a low heatload through the evaporator coil.

If the indoor split is way below 18-F at 50% RH, you either have way too much airflow or some problems in the functioning refrigerant system.

To solve any of these problems you need to call a knowledgeable HVAC TECH! - Darrell U
Download these Energy Saving PDF Graphics  Ways to cut monthly Energy Bills, hopefully in HALF. Thanks for the link -  TEDKIDD
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DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF RESIDENTIAL FLEXIBLE DUCTWORK SYSTEMS
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/development/constructioncodes/publications/1ONE.pdf

Look at the ducting, if it is not to code; make hard copies of this code & give it to whoever does the ducting work.
Make sure they get redo it right!
Never have flex duct interiors commercially cleaned, I just viewed Home Inspection photos showing the interior damaged & insulation plugging the duct.
Home Inspectors warn people because the duct cleaner's tell them it won't damage the ducts. Some HI's look into the boot areas for clues of problems...
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On a normal temperature day & indoor temperature, check the humidity & temperature indoors & record it.

Then check the outdoor temperature, & the temperature of the condenser's discharge air.

Subtract the outdoor temperature from the discharge temperature to get the split.
Then you go by SEER Rating for the temp-split perimeters.

Try to check your A/C when conditions are 85 to 95 with indoor temps between 75 & 80-F, with around 50%RH.
Depending on indoor conditions, e.g., lighter loads; the split could be 2 to 3-F below the listed temperature.
All ARI Conditions 95-F out doors, 80-F indoors @ 50% RH (between 75 to 80-F is okay)

For 12-SEER Units=IndoorTemp-Split @400-CFM Per-Ton of Cooling 50% Relative Humidity|SA/RASplit |
18-F| CONDENSER TEMPERATURE SPLITS - Above Outdoor Temperature
1.5-Ton  18,000 Outdoor temp 95F; 80-F IDB, @ 67-F IWB or 50% RH; ARI Conditions = 21-F Condenser Air-Temp-Split.  Don's @10-F to 12-F Split - Low ID Airflow!
1.5-Ton 18,000 18-F to 21-F Temp-Split    Condenser CFM 1400
2-Ton  24,000  22-F T-Temp-Split  Condenser CFM 1400
2.5-T  30,200  20-F Temp-Split     Condenser CFM 2000
3-Ton  35,600 17-F Temp-Split     Condenser CFM 2800
3.5 T   42,000 18-F Temp-Split    Condenser CFM 2800
4-Ton  48,000 18 -F Temp-Split    Condenser CFM 3400
5-Ton  59,000 22-F Temp-Split     Condenser CFM 3400
CFM is Cubic Feet-per Minute of airflow through the condenser.

Goodman data for R-22, 14-SEER Units; 1.5-Ton 17,600-BTUH; 2.54-Ton evaporator coil, TXV; Single Stage:
Outdoor Temp 85-F; IDB 75-F; Humidity 52%; Indoor temp-split 19-F; Condenser Split 11-F; 675-CFM

Goodman data for R-410A, 16-SEER Units; 2-Ton 22,800-BTUH; 3-Ton evaporator coil, TXV; Single Stage:
OutdoorTemp 85-F;Indoor Dry Bulb 75-F;RH52%;14-F CondenserTemp-Split;IndoorTemp-split 21-F;800-CFM
----------------------------------------- Check your air conditioner:
Indoors:  Return Air Entering Temp: ____F  - Coldest Nearest A-Coil Supply Air temp: ____F  Temp-Split ______F   Relative Humidity ______%
Or, Wet Bulb Temp __F Outdoors: Outdoor condenser discharge Air Temp: _______F  - Outdoor /Temp ______F   Temp-Split ______F
On Oil Furnaces check the airflow, many have nearly half the airflow they need! Example; 100,000-Btuh Oil or Gas furnace needs 1300-cfm of airflow.

You can use a piece cotton cloth (etc.) soaked in room temp water. Set a hi-spd fan near the return air intake & wait until you get the lowest wet bulb temp. That's the Wet bulb temp & it's what I used to take with a sling-psychrometer. So, rig one up & just give me the wet bulb temp; wet bulb can also converted it to %RH.
Or, Testo 605-H2 Fast Accurate Wet Bulb

*Video checking Static ESP|  
*Video 2 checking Static ESP View!Got DSL 11/2010

*Basics Featuring BTUH Testo 556 >Video Testo 550 Features

Copy above&use, it's FREE; You must link to this page or Cite Source To Tweet or publish this material:


---------------------------  E-mail me the data with CFM airflow & I'll give you its ballpark BTUH, or U can do it: udarrell**@**pcii.net
This tells you the nominal amount of heat (BTUH) that is being absorbed by the indoor evaporator coil & being discharged by the outdoor condenser coil.

With outdoor & indoor coils clean with clean blower wheel blades & filter; If the outdoor condenser temp-split is low, & indoor Return-Air temp minus Supply-Air temp is high, then there is NOT enough airflow heatload going through & being absorbed by the indoor coil.

If the condenser discharge air is within the nominal range, +/- 2-F, then the system is absorbing & transferring a nominal latent & sensible BTUH amount of heat from the interior of your home.

In this simple test procedure, the (1) Temperature-Split of Supply & Return Air, & (2) indoor humidity reading & the (3) outdoor condenser discharge air temp-split is all we need.

With the combination of the outdoor split & the indoor Supply-Air/Return-Air temperature splits & the room Relative Humidity Percentage, I can tell you if the indoor airflow is in the normal range.

Normal Supply-Air/Return-Air temp-split is 16 to 22-F. A heavy humidity load will take the split down toward 16-F. Dry air will have a high temp/split 22-F or a bit higher.

What can skew this test is a dirty indoor evaporator coil. In that event, the blower wheel blades will be dirty too, so with power off, check those blades!
Always do these temperature checks with a clean filter installed.

An airflow velocity meter, an anemometer, is a great instrument to have; they're not very expensive.
Formula for finding CFM Airflow
Quick method: The heat gain and Btu/hr of cooling is done for each room.
At 400-CFM per/ton of cooling, 12,000-BTUH / 400-cfm = 30-BTUH for each (CFM) Cubic Foot per Minute of Airflow.
At 450-CFM per/ton cooling use 12,000 / 450-cfm = 26.66-BTUH per each CFM, etc.

Then Select Supply duct size by CFM, velocity, & optimal Supply Air *(FR) Friction Rate.
A Room requires 3000-Btu/hr divided / by 30 equals 100-CFM, or around a 6" dia. RD metal duct.
You need-> Five duct runs for 1.5-ton unit, 18,000-BTUH: (Equal room loads,ha!) 18000 / 5-runs= 3600-BTUH / 30 = 120-CFM each 6" duct velocity 611-fpm Velocity. 18' length branch runs 611-fpm velocity at a Friction Rate 0.03" per 18'.

The total airflow should be in the range of 375 to 450-CFM per ton of cooling; Unless you have high humidity I'd go for 425 to 450-CFM per ton of cooling!
One ton is *(12,000-BTUH).

*Check the Return Air filter(s) often, need optimal airflow especially during a heat wave!
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Cynergy Home HVAC Energy Rater Audits Iowa Public Radio Audio - Listen
Government initiated Energy Audits from CNN audio listen to while reading - Get CNN

Do Your Own Home Energy Audit Do infiltration On Windy days 

Wisconsin Office of Recovery and Reinvestment

Wisconsin Weatherization Assistance Program plus Audits

 Iowa Weatherization Assistance Program

MI Weatherization Assistance Program

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A Major "Oil Furnace" Airflow Problem Fix

This Air Flow problem is extremely important for sufficient performance!

Residential Quality Installation Check List Use - to pre-qualify H-VAC Contractors

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DISCLAIMER:
I do NOT assume any responsibility for how anyone uses the information on my Web pages.

All HVAC/R work should always be done by a licensed Contractor! This information is only placed on these pages for your understanding & communication with contractors & techs.

This information is for the edification of contractors and techs. I am NOT liable for what you do, you are liable for what you do!  - Darrell Udelhoven

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