First,
always check for Return Air/Supply
Air duct leaks, seal them with approved mastic, check CFM airflow rate
and that the coil fins and blower wheel blades are clean! "Check for
Insufficient Air Flow Across Evaporator Coil" - Check for: dirty
filter, dirty lint clogged evaporator, blower speed tap selected, or
belt and speed adjustments, blower motor, check any belts for
wear and proper tension, dirt lint loaded blower wheel, and out of
specs or wrong rated run capacitor.
Check airflow system static pressure. Verify Blower Performance --by
checking blower air handler "Static Pressures with the specific model's
Blower Curve Charts." At a specific heatload condition, Optimize the
conditioned space's heatload on the evaporator coil to optimize the
rated Btu/hr and EER, and/or SEER Ratings.
========================
Simple easy anyone can do ways
to check the performance of your central air conditioner so, if needed, you can
call an Energy Efficiency HVAC Technician
If U want me to run a
ballpark analysis of how your system is performing in respect to its 'Nominal
Rated Btuh' we need at least the following numbers:
Performance Data
Collection – Best Time to collect data is Late afternoon around 4:30 pm, when
attic is HOT; also when outdoor temps are around 85; 95; 105F or, anywhere in
between.
*All U need is a good thermometer (digital
reading in tenths preferable) & and indoor Humidity Gauge
1) Helpful; Tonnage &
SEER of Unit & outdoor condenser model number: __________________
2) TXV or, orifice
metering device? _______. Only if U know…
3) Outdoor condenser’s
discharge-air-temperature ______-F
Subtract Outdoor air
temperature: _______
Outdoor Condenser
Air-Temp-Split _______
4) Need the ‘Indoor’
percent of relative humidity - away from Supply-Air outlets ______
5) Indoor Return-Air
Temperature ______
Subtract Indoor Supply-Air
Temperature ______ -F
Indoor temperature-split _______-F
Need the above
information for troubleshooting & performance analysis.
Example below:
A Goodman 2-Ton 13-SEER
condenser, 800-cfm indoor airflow; 80-F indoor dry bulb & 50% relative humidity;
Indoor temp-split 18 to 19-F.
@ 85-F outdoors; 103.9-F
- 85-F outdoors or around an 18.9-F temp-split;
@ Indoor 75-F & 50%
RH condenser temp-split is only around 14.9-F.
In summer an all electric farm home TWO Half-Ton Window A/Cs & basement large dehumidifier:
June
30, 2012; Darrell’s meter; 62610 – 62140= used 470-KWh * .0985= $46.295
================================
Find me at:
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Community Ask
the Experts FREE Forum - Save Money!
HVAC
Efficiency
Overview My Audio overview; listen while you do other things
*Video checking static ESP| *Video 2 checking static ESP View! Got DSL 11/2010
First,
Check Return Air (RA) at grille & at entry of blower for
heat gain, due to Return hot Air leaks.
Where air handlers' are set over Return Air Chambers, check for air
leaks through the sheet rock & down the wall studs from the
attic - this is a fairly common condition that will overload the AC
system with attic heat!
Why Home Energy Efficiency
Auditing is important to our future Jeremy Rifkin Video
---------------------------------
Air
Conditioning Rip-Off Scams
Everything You need to know about HOME INSPECTIONS
MY HVAC BLOG - YOUR QUESTIONS &
COMMENTS WELCOME Go to my blog for the required
trouble-shooting Data to Record
-----------------------
Airflow has to be optimal within specs,
before the refrigerant
charge can be correctly balanced for efficient operation!
Affordable Test
Instruments Techs Must Own & Use!
All I had was
the
Sling Psychrometer & spinning it was a bit time consuming, but I
used it religiously, it is information you need.
The Testo 605-H2 Humidity
Stick
(wet
bulb), displays relative humidity,
air temperature and wet bulb temperature.
It is very affordable & because of its potential to help deliver
tons of other data everyone should have one !
For more information on it:
http://www.amazon.com/Testo-605-H2-H.../dp/B000774B6A
The other test data you need is the system's CFM airflow
through the
evaporator coil, then with software I have you can peg the BTUH the
operating unit is delivering under those conditions.
Add to that a low cost Magnehelic gauge to read static pressures to
compare with mfg'ers blower performance charts; plus a velocity meter
& you have a ballparked CFM to plug into for the BTUH.
We could easily provide a detailed psychrometric print
out what the operating system is delivering in BTUH, including
condensate
lbs/hr, & actual sensible & latent cooling BTUH & Ratio,
every data
detail imaginable. - Darrell
==========================
Air
Conditioning Performance Diagnosis using listed (CT) Condensing
Temperatures
Using Goodman 16-SEER "Expanded Performance Data"
Find the correct (CT) Condensing Temperature with the following
known mfg’ers data.
Outdoor Ambient Temp (OAT) 85-F; IDB 75-F; IWB 63-F or 50%-RH.
Listed pressure is 316-psig, or 99-F CT; that is 99-F -85-F is a 14-F
SPLIT.
The delta T or temp-split should be within a 10-psig range or, +/- 2-F
degrees; 97 or 101-F.
The mfg’ers Supply Outlet should be able to provide Contractors &
Techs with those performance data charts. Goodman has their “Expanded
Performance Data” on the Internet. BTUH = CFM X
enthalpy difference from Chart X 4.5
<-Click
========================================
Check
Return Air
(RA) at grille & at entry of blower for heat gain, due to hot
Return Air leaks.
Where airhandlers' set over
Return Air Chambers check for
air leaks through the sheet rock & down the wall studs from
the
attic - this is a fairly common condition that will overload the AC
system!
For
efficiencies sake measure the
Return Air duct/chase
area. If
it's a round duct measure the inside diameter, I'll give you the sq.
ins. formula on another pages;
if square or rectangular multiple the two dimensions for sq. in. area.
The sq.in. Return Air throughput ducting area should equal or exceed
the
Supply Area ducting. In the far north smaller A/C units
Verses
the new larger heating blower units can mean too much CFM for the A/C's
smaller BTUH capacity. Thermostatic
Expansion Valves (TEV / TXV) systems should be set for a minimum
10 Degrees
Superheat.
NOTE on 3 & 5 Above: If suction is high & head is low
it is not necessarily an inefficient
compressor, it could be (3) three.
"An oversized orifice or overfeeding TXV
refrigerant metering device" could cause high suction & low head
due
to normal compressor pumping capacity being incapable of keeping up. An
oversized unit might handle the sensible load but never do anything
with the
latent load as the conditioned space temp falls.
"Overcharging" will raise suction pressures & E-Coil temperatures
& though it may raise head pressures, it does not always raise head
pressures. The reason for this is that it reduces the capacity of the
evaporator to absorb both latent & sensible heat & therefore
reduces
the actual heatload on what may possibly be an oversized over-capacity
condenser coil.
Of course, an inefficient compressor could cause this problem; however,
I would
always do the Superheat & Subcooling checks & look for an overfeeding metering device as well as an overcharged system, along with other
possible causes, before ever condemning a compressor.
(8) NOTE:
Refrigerant
Overcharge: amp draw is HIGH when under a
heavy heatload and can be LOW when overcharged but under a light heatload;
both the condenser and evaporator are then overloaded with liquid and
there
is not enough of a heatload to evaporate sufficient amounts of
refrigerant in the E-Coil to INCREASE PRESSURES and pumping WORK.
After
any duct work or other changes and before you make any recheck tests,
it
is very important that your condenser coil, evaporator coil, and indoor
blower wheel be squeaky clean.
Take
the condenser entering air temp and leaving air temp, subtract for the
temp-split. As a double verification: You can use the manifold
gauge
high-side (SCT) Saturated Condensing Temperature-dial-reading
minus
the outdoor-ambient temperature; the difference gives you the condenser
temperature/split. There is NO excuse for not utilizing this simple
btu/hr operating capacity diagnostic check. Always
use an accurate volt meter and amprobe to make sure you are not
overloading
the compressor's amperage Service Factor and check the
compressor
discharge line to see that it is under 225-F.
Optimizing
the "Evaporator HeatLoad" will Optimize the Condenser BTUH HeatLoad
Output
from
your Home
Most evaporator
coils are under-loaded when operating at the normal room temp setting!
The
airflow should be adjusted to fully load the evaporator coil at the
normal
room temperature setting! This airflow adjustment will optimize your
air
conditioner's BTUH and SEER performance. Most air conditioner's have an
underloaded evaporator coil at the room temp thermostat setting, where
the vast majority of its run time will take place! In 8 foot ceilings,
Return Air (RA) should always come from the warmer ceiling air areas.
On
TXV metered systems the Subcooling should be within +/- 2-F of the
mfg’ers installation instructions.
==========================
Air
Conditioning Performance Diagnosis using listed (CT) Condensing
Temperatures
Using Goodman 16-SEER "Expanded Performance Data"
What is the correct (CT) Condensing Temperature with the following
known mfg’ers data?
Outdoor Ambient Temp (OAT) 85-F; IDB 75-F; IWB 63-F or 50%-RH.
Listed pressure is 316-psig, or 99-F CT; that is 99-F -85-F is a 14-F
SPLIT.
The delta T or temp-split should be within a 10-psig range or, +/- 2-F
degrees; 97 or 101-F.
The mfg’ers Supply Outlet should be able to provide Contractors &
Techs with those performance data charts. Goodman has their “Expanded
Performance Data” on the Internet.
======================================================
Quick
Check for Sizing Units to enough Airflow
Actually, even on service calls where there are cooling
problems the ductwork should have a quick Manual D performed.
Then take the
ESP
static pressure & compare to blower graph or chart, also take the
FPM duct velocity.
Then do a quick
estimate of airflow
per equipment tonnage.
To find area of
a
round duct; Duct diam is 7"; 7"X7"= 49-sq.ins., X's .7854 =
38.04845-sq.ins divided/ by 144= 0.2672541-sq.ft. area X's FPM Velocity
600-FPM = 160.35246-CFM X30 = 4,810.5738
each 7" run X's 6 branch runs
= 28,863-BTUH, or airflow for 2.4-ton.
(12,000-BTUH
/400-cfm per-ton = 30-BTU per cfm ratio | / 450 = 26.666-BTUH per-cfm)
That would also
be
good for 2-ton; at 550-FPM velocity X's 0.2672541= 147-CFM X 30 =
4,410-BTUH each run X 6-runs = airflow for 26,460-BTUH.
*Never sell
units requiring more airflow than the duct system will support! - Darrell
======================
This
linked page is strictly a SUPERHEAT
TABLE
Print these Tables & use them!
------------------------------------------
 FACE BOOK  - Darrell Udelhoven (U-dl-hoven) >
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-------------------------------------
First,
thoroughly seal
all
ductwork with an approved mastic & get air flow correct!
INTRODUCTION TO
TOTAL COOLING PERFORMANCE;
How installing a 3-ton system can become a 1.5-ton system of actual
delivered cooling (SURPRISE!):
http://epb1.lbl.gov/residential/cool.html
To get
the
gross BTUH
Heatload the Evaporator (DX) Coil is absorbing (which includes both
latent,
sensible heat) (These are ARI
Formulas)
First, determine
the
Gross Rated BTUH the condenser is ejecting.
Condenser’s Gross
Btuh
= Condenser’s rated CFM X’s
Temp Split X’s
1.08
The
chart split listed below is at Condenser Design conditions: Indoor
Return
Air 80-F dry bulb 67-F Wet Bulb or 50% Relative Humidity as you go up
to
99% RH the condenser split could increase by up to 6-F; down as much as
4-F at a low humidity of 55-F Wet Bulb.
The
chart split listed below is at Condenser Design conditions: Indoor
Return
Air 80-F dry bulb 67-F Wet Bulb or 50% Relative Humidity as you go up
to
99% RH the condenser split could increase by up to 6-F; down as much as
4-F at a low humidity of 55-F Wet Bulb.
Do
your
own figuring
based on this formula. Motor BTU/hr additive = Watts X's PF x's 3.413
for
Btu/Watts additive added to rated BTUH, divided by condenser fan CFM
X's
1.08 = condenser Temp-Split. Get
the Motor "Power Factors" (PF) of the compressor and fan motor from the
manufacturers. Some Splits rounded.
CONDENSER
TEMP-SPLITS - Comfortmaker® 12-SEER units - used 0.90 Motor Power
Factor
1.5
T
18,000 +17.5
Split > 18 >21-F split Cond. CFM
1400 | WATTS (1.591KW) 1591-watts plus 425-watts indoor blower mtr;
2,016-Watts.
X.90=1432x3.413=4,887+17500=22,389/1400=15.9x1.08=17.5
2-Ton
24,000
23-F Temp-S Cond. CFM 1400 | WATTS (2.067KW)
2067x.90=1860x3.413=6349+24000=30349/1400=21.7x1.08=23.4
2.5-T
30,000
21-F Temp-S Cond. CFM 2000 |WATTS (2.778KW) 2778x.90=
2500=8533+30000=38533/19.2x1.08=20.8
3-Ton
35,600 14.8-F T-Sp Cond. CFM 2800 | WATTS (3.096KW) 3096x.90=
2786+35600=38386/2800=13.7x1.08=14.8
3.5
T
42,500 17.6-F T-Sp Cond. CFM 2800 | WATTS (3.578KW) 3578x.90=3220+42500=45720/2800=16.3x1.08=17.6
4-Ton
48,500 19.5-F Split Cond. CFM 3400 | WATTS (4.174KW)
4174x.90=3756.6x3.413=12821+48500=61321/3400=18x1.08=19.5
5-Ton
59,000
23-F Temp-S Cond. CFM 3400 | WATTS (5.043KW)
5043x.90=4539x3.413=15,490+59000=74490/3400=21.9
CONDENSER
TEMP-SPLITS
- My Brother's Heil 12-SEER Condensing Unit
1.5-Ton - Rated
at
17,500-BTUH, Condenser fan CFM 1400 (Total Cond. Watts 1591 X's
power Factors0.90
X's= 1432 X's * 3.413 = 4887-BTUH Motor Heat additive
+17,500= MotorPower
"Rated Gross Heat Ejection" is 22,387-BTUH / 1400= 15.99-F x 1.08= 17.27
Temp Rise Cond/Split. His condenser only gets a 10 to 12 temp
rise
split, the evaporator appears to be under heat-loaded or, an unbalanced
heatload on the DX coil's circuitry.
The
probable
cause is
"an unbalanced airflow
heatload
through the evaporator coil. "It's a (Thermo Pride OL 11 oil
furnace).
Those oil furnaces have a very large round heat exchanger that goes to
near the top of the furnace, --due to a low basement ceiling the DX
coil
sets perhaps illegally close to the heat exchanger causing a few of the
coil's circuits to be under heatloaded. Since the liquid refrigerant is
not completely evaporated it will cause the outlet line that the TEV
sensor
bulb is on to be too cold and the TEV will shut-down the flow, which
greatly reduces the BTUH capacity of the DX coil and the system.
On
piston
refrigerant
control systems, they may flood
back liquid which
could damage the compressor, unless the system is way under-charged.
Thermo
Pride could install airflow turning vanes just above the heat exchanger
to funnel the air directly into the DX coil, instead of most of the
airflow
hitting the bottom of the DX's drain
pan causing extreme turbulence
back-pressure and an imbalanced circuitry DX coil heatload!
His
unit could also have some low temperature solder trapped on the
screened
entrance to the TEV evaporator metering device. If there is a gurgling
noise& temp drop there, any restriction there would also lower the
capacity of the
cooling coil.
=====================
If
your A/C unit is not cooling adequately & is costing you a fortune,
the first thing to
look for is hot air getting into the Return
Air duct system, that would
overload the evaporator & condenser & run your costs way up.
What is the F-Temperature rise/split
from the outdoor condenser above
the outdoor temperature.
So, your unit is costing you a fortune, I need to have the
temperatures below, - that you can easily take for me:
“Copy only the data portions & paste in your
Word-Processor, make a couple hard-copies, then send me what you take,
& get as much of this data as your Tech will provide for you.” You
can delete the (You &/or Tech) before you make hard copies for your
Tech. Techs & HVAC user's, please use to your heart's content.
This is very important: Always tell the tech that you want all
the
data he takes clearly recorded on the Service Receipt!
I can run the temperatures data you take with an accurate CFM
Airflow & ball-park the Nominal BTUH your new A/C is delivering, at
those conditions.
TROUBLE SHOOTING DATA - (You or Your) HVAC Tech
For my information concerning summer design & your
climate,
provide your state & nearest large city __________
TONNAGE of Unit or outdoor condenser model number:
___________ You
TXV or orifice metering device? _______You or Tech, - not real critical
to this analysis
Outdoor condenser’s discharge-air-temperature _____You
Out-Door temperature: ____You
Condenser air Temp split _____You
Indoor Total-ESP
- External Static Pressure _______Tech
All Supply Air velocities in FPM: ___Tech
I’ll do the
math for the total CFM:
Suction line pressure ___Tech
Suction-Vapor line temperature: ___Tech
Saturated Suction Temp – Gage - Suction Saturated Temperature. ___Tech
Superheat
______Tech
Head pressure _______Tech
SCT – Gage - Saturated Condensing Temp _______Tech
Small Liquid line - temperature: _______You
Subcooling:
_______
Return Air temp DB &, WB or %RH: _______You
Supply Air temp DB &, WB or %RH: _______You
With the information data below and an accurate Cubic Feet per
Minute (CFM) airflow, I can
ball-park
the Units BTUH output
Return Air temp DB &, WB or
%RH:
____ ____You
Supply Air temp DB &, WB or
%RH:
____ ____You
Take a cotton cloth & wet
with
room temperature water, wrap it
around the thermometer & use it for the wet bulb temps above.
Except for the Pressures, Superheat & subcooling you can
take
most of the other Temp readings for me.
My advice: to every user, get a low cost humidity gage
at a local hardware store & see what the percentage-RH is in your
home, I can cross-reference that to the wet bulb depression so you
could use the humidity gage instead of wet or use both.
If you want to save money you will take the time when it is
hot
& warm in the house to take all this temperature data!
Please Respond, ASAP.
Anyone is welcome to use the Data Collection for use
as they
see fit!
“Copy only the data portions & paste in your
Word-Processor, make a couple hard-copies, then send me what you take,
& get as much of this data as your Tech will provide for you.”
My monthly electric bills run $50.00 or less, & I
keep
very cool, in a 1937 farm home, even in 104-F Heat Index!
Are your electric bills too high?
udarrell - Darrell, Retired HVAC from mid 1970’s
=======================
Gurgling Pulsating
Sounds at TXV: Low
evaporator heat-loads lead to reduced liquid line mass and increased
evaporator mass could be due to airflow problems. Eliminate low
evaporator heat-loads before looking into adjusting the refrigerant
charge. Gurgling and pulsation noises at the expansion device can
be
caused by low evaporator circuit heat-loads, low charge, and/or
non-condensibles and moisture in the system. Unbalanced airflow through
the various distributor circuits of the evaporator coil will cause the
TEV to close down refrigerant flow starving the coil.
Piston-flow-rators will make it impossible to properly charge the
system and cooling will be greatly compromised unless you eliminate the
cause! "Put your ear on the liquid line at the evaporator coil."
On
every Rheem
condenser cover it lists "non-condensibles and or
moisture" as causes for a gurgling or pulsating noise at the expansion
device. The entire evaporator circuits, may not become active for
various reasons, - "the entire coil must become fully active for
efficient performance."
The
purpose of
these recommendations is to provide liquid refrigerant at the expansion
device and provide efficient operation. Hopefully, this will aid your
research. If I can be of additional assistance, contact me.
-----------------------------------------------------------
Too
many do not
properly
purge & evacuate contaminated
central air conditioning systems.
The
Triple Evacuation Method is normally done on refrigeration systems,
R-410a systems require it on central air
conditioning systems:
First,
remove any valve cores with a special valve core remover this
will
speed up the evacuation time. Back service valves two turns off their
back seat.
1)
Re-claim unit charge (Recover all the refrigerant)
2) Charge
system to 150 PSIG with dry nitrogen and leak test
3) On
contaminated systems replace the filter dryers. Then Repair all
leak(s)
4)
Evacuate system to 500 microns valve off & see if it holds 500
microns for ten minutes, if it holds, break
the vacuum with
dry nitrogen
5)
Evacuate system to a deeper 400 microns, valve off vac pump, &
again break the vacuum with
dry
nitrogen
6)
Evacuate system to 400 microns and & then Check to see if it holds.
(Recharge with fresh
clean refrigerant)
7) Check
to see if the Supply and Return air ducts were correctly sized &
sealed by the original installer.
If a vacuum pump will not evacuate a system below 1500 microns there is
a problem with the pump itself, a leak in the system, or moisture in
the system. Moisture is most likely because water vaporizes at
1500 microns.
Many HVAC
contractors will consider this excessive time & effort
for contaminated
residential
air conditioning systems, however it is a must for low temp
applications.
The
“micron” is a metric unit of measure for
distance. The micron is a unit of linear measure; one micron equals
1/25,400ths
of an inch. Modern high capacity vacuum pumps help speed up the
evacuation process.
When
a system has been evacuated below 500 microns, the pump is valved-off
with the micron gauge connected, if the vacuum rises to 1500
microns and stops, there is moisture remaining in the system. If it
rises above 1500 microns & continues to rise there is a leak. You
should allow at least 15 minutes after the pump has been shut off an
accurate micron gauge reading. When a
system will not evacuate below 1500 microns there is either a lot of
water or there is a system leak.
=================================================================
http://www.udarrell.com/air_return_latent_condenser_split.jpg
Click this Important Graph
Page 618,
Refrigeration
& Air-Conditioning (ARI) Second Edition, C 1987
Those lower SEER
units
had higher condenser splits than 12-SEER and higher units.
Sorry, I defiled
the
graph, 90-db outdoor, 80-db indoors with 67 wet bulb/50% RH represents
the condenser splits shown above.
The condenser
fan speeds
are slower on several of the 10-SEER Tonnage Models.
We are only
trying
to get a figure to go by for a comparison. When new condensers and
Evaporator
coils "are installed on older air handlers" the new, or old,
evaporator
coils are usually under heat-loaded. (Always, check voltage and
amp draw!)
The Base Spec
sheets
12-SEER part no. 421 41 33301 03, Feb 2001. These are the
Comfortmaker®
units, which are nearly identical to Heil® units. I used the first
rating on each tonnage class. While the "Performance Cooling Data" is
listed
at a 95-F outside ambient temperature, you can adjust the indoor
airflow
to get the Nominal BTUH Rating at the customer's normal indoor stat'
temp'
setting and the most outside temperature/degree operating hours.
http://www.udarrell.com/air_temperature_drop_evaporator.jpg
Click this
Important Graph &
Compare to the Condenser Graph
As the
latent load goes up the indoor split goes down while the
condenser split goes up.
Air
Temperature Drop Through Evaporator Coil (1987 Period)
Indoor
temperature and humidity load variations graph.
Refrigeration
& Air-Conditioning (ARI) Second Edition,
Page 624, ©
1987
Below
is an outstanding PDF "Basic AC Overview - Specifications VS. Reality"
by John Proctor, P.E., Proctor Engineering Group, LTD:
HVAC TECH
PERFORMANCE RATINGS "AC
Specs vs Reality" PDF - It's
Worth Your Time
DISCLAIMER:
Any
of
the HVAC companies I list on any of my web pages have nothing to do
with the information I post on any of my Web pages nor do I garantee
its accuracy or assume any
responsibility for how anyone uses that information.
All HVAC/R work
should always be done by a licensed Contractor! This information is
only placed on these pages for your understanding & communication
with contractors & techs.
This
information is for the edification of contractors and techs. I
am NOT liable for your screw-ups, you are liable for what you do! -
Darrell Udelhoven
Darrell's Refrigeration Heating and Air Conditioning -
Federal
Refrigerant Licensed - Retired
Licensed Contractor
Air
Conditioning System Trouble Shooting Superheat and Subcooling IMPORTANT !
TXV
THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVE APPLICATIONS
Optimizing
the Evaporator BTU/hr Heat-Input Important!
Air
Conditioning Maximum Efficiency - Check-Up Get
your A/C optimized for efficiency
Air
Conditioning SEER Levels & Evaporator Air Flow Losing
15 to 40% of SEER Rating?
Air
Conditioning - Latent Heat Removal
Comfort-Zone Efficiency
Air-conditioning manufacturing companies - increasing
the value of their heating and air-conditioning
equipment to consumers
Best
Practices
Guide for residential HVAC retrofit
Energy Star
Cut Your
Home Energy Use
& Utility Bills in Half New
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Empowerment
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Updated: 007/13/12
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